Method for forwarding packet and network device

ABSTRACT

A method for forwarding a packet, and a network device are provided. Under the method: a first packet can be received. The first packet includes first indication information, payload data, and a packet sequence number of the first packet in a data flow corresponding to the first packet. When the first network device determines that the first packet includes the first indication information, a plurality of second packets can be generated based on the first packet. Each of the plurality of second packets includes the payload data, the packet sequence number, and second indication information; and separately forwarding, the plurality of second packets to a second network device over different forwarding paths in a plurality of forwarding paths.

CROSS-REFERENCE TO RELATED APPLICATIONS

This application is a continuation of U.S. patent application Ser. No.16/830,214, filed on Mar. 25, 2020, which is a continuation applicationof International Application No. PCT/CN2018/107310, filed on Sep. 25,2018, which claims priority to Chinese Patent Application No.201710873391.1, filed on Sep. 25, 2017. All of the aforementionedapplications are hereby incorporated by reference in their entireties.

TECHNICAL FIELD

The present disclosure relates to the field of communicationstechnologies, and in particular, to a method for forwarding a packet anda network device.

BACKGROUND

With the rapid development of various network technologies, user data isusually encapsulated into a packet for transmission in a network. Anetwork device in the network forwards the encapsulated packet, toimplement transmission of the user data in the network. During packetforwarding, the network device forwards the packet based on pathinformation in a header of the packet. For example, the path informationmay be multi-protocol label switching (MPLS). The network devicereceives a plurality of packets and separately transmits, based on pathinformation of the packets, the plurality of packets to differentnetwork devices, to implement packet transmission in apoint-to-multipoint mode. For example, a packet A1 is transmitted to anetwork device B1 through a path 1, a packet A2 is transmitted to anetwork device B2 through a path 2, and a packet A3 is transmitted to anetwork device B3 through a path 3. Due to various unexpected cases ofnetwork links between network devices, for example, an unstable networkor a suddenly interrupted network, a packet loss may occur. Therefore,this packet transmission mode has relatively poor reliability.

SUMMARY

Embodiments provide a method for forwarding a packet and a networkdevice. This can improve reliability of packet forwarding.

According to a first aspect, an embodiment provides a method forforwarding a packet in a network. The network includes a first networkdevice and a second network device, and there are a plurality offorwarding paths between the first network device and the second networkdevice. The first network device and the second network device may berouters, switches, or the like. This is not limited in this embodiment.

The first network device receives a first packet, where the first packetincludes first indication information, payload data, and a packetsequence number. The packet sequence number may be a packet sequencenumber of the first packet in a data flow corresponding to the firstpacket. For example, the data flow corresponding to the first packetincludes a plurality of packets. Each of the packets is assigned with apacket sequence number based on a sequence of sending the plurality ofpackets, and the packet sequence number is unique to each of thepackets. It should be noted that when the first packet is forwarded byeach network device on the forwarding path, the packet sequence numberdoes not change.

The first indication information may be indication information used toinstruct the first network device to generate a plurality of secondpackets based on the first packet.

When determining that the first packet includes the first indicationinformation, the first network device generates the plurality of secondpackets based on the first packet, where each of the plurality of secondpackets includes the payload data carried in the first packet, thepacket sequence number, and second indication information.

A manner in which the first network device generates the plurality ofsecond packets based on the first packet may be as follows: The firstnetwork device replicates the first packet to obtain a plurality ofreplicated packets, pops unnecessary information (such as the firstindication information) out from each of the replicated packets, andthen pushes the second indication information, to obtain the pluralityof second packets. Alternatively, a manner in which the first networkdevice generates the plurality of second packets based on the firstpacket may be as follows: The first network device pops unnecessaryinformation (such as the first indication information) out from thefirst packet; replicates a packet obtained after pop processing, toobtain a plurality of replicated packets; and pushes the secondindication information to each of the replicated packets, to obtain theplurality of second packets. A manner of generating the plurality ofsecond packets is not limited in this embodiment, and the foregoing ismerely an example for description.

The first network device separately forwards the plurality of secondpackets to the second network device over different forwarding paths inthe plurality of forwarding paths between the first network device andthe second network device. For example, one forwarding path is used toforward one second packet. The second indication information included ineach of the plurality of second packets is used to instruct the secondnetwork device to discard a packet in the plurality of second packetsexcept a packet that first reaches the second network device.

In the foregoing technical solution, there are a plurality of forwardingpaths between the first network device and the second network device,the first network device generates the plurality of second packets basedon the first packet, and forwards the plurality of second packets to thesecond network device over the plurality of forwarding paths. Even if anetwork link of one of the plurality of forwarding paths is faulty, thesecond network device can receive the second packet forwarded on anotherforwarding path. Therefore, this improves reliability of packettransmission.

In an example design, the second packet further includes pathinformation of a forwarding path corresponding to the second packet, andthe path information of the forwarding path may be used to instruct toforward the second packet on the forwarding path. In some embodiments,if each of the plurality of second packets has a different forwardingpath, path information of forwarding paths included in each packet isdifferent. The path information of the forwarding path is encapsulatedin the second packet, so as to indicate transmission of the secondpacket on a multi-segment network link.

In an example design, the first packet further includes a flowidentifier of the data flow corresponding to the first packet. In thiscase, before generating the plurality of second packets, the firstnetwork device searches for path information of each of the plurality offorwarding paths associated with the flow identifier, so as toencapsulate the path information of the forwarding path into the secondpacket, where one second packet corresponds to one of the plurality offorwarding paths.

In the foregoing manner, the path information of the forwarding path isencapsulated in the second packet, so as to indicate transmission of thesecond packet on a multi-segment network link.

In an example design, the first indication information includes a firstlabel, and the second indication information includes a second label.The first label corresponds to a first function, and the second labelcorresponds to a second function. The first function is used to instructthe first network device to generate the plurality of second packets.For example, the first label is a replication label and the firstfunction is a function of replicating a packet. The second function isused to instruct the second network device to discard the packet in theplurality of second packets except the packet that first reaches thesecond network device. For example, the second label is a redundancylabel, and the second function is a function of deleting a redundantpacket. The path information of the forwarding path may include an MPLSlabel stack of the forwarding path.

In the foregoing manner, a label corresponding to a different functionis encapsulated in the second packet, so that the network device canidentify the label and perform a corresponding operation. This improvesoperation efficiency.

In an example design, the first indication information includes a thirdlabel, and the second indication information includes the third label.In other words, the first indication information is the same as thesecond indication information. The third label is used to identify thedata flow corresponding to the first packet. Before generating theplurality of second packets, the first network device searches for anoperation type corresponding to the third label. If the operation typecorresponding to the third label is a target operation type, the firstnetwork device generates the plurality of second packets based on thefirst packet. The target operation type is used to instruct the firstnetwork device to generate the plurality of second packets. For example,the target operation type is a replication operation. The pathinformation of the forwarding path may include an MPLS label stack ofthe forwarding path.

In the foregoing manner, the third label may not only be used toidentify the data flow corresponding to the first packet, but also beused as different indication information. This reduces packet overheads.

In an example implementation, the first indication information includesfirst function information corresponding to a first address in adestination address field in an Internet Protocol version 6 (InternetProtocol version 6, IPv6) header of the first packet, and the firstaddress matches a network address of the first network device. The firstfunction information is used to instruct the first network device togenerate the plurality of second packets. For example, the firstfunction information is function information of replicating a packet.

The second packet includes a segment routing header (Segment RoutingHeader, SRH), and the SRH includes the second indication information andpath information of a forwarding path corresponding to the secondpacket. The path information of the forwarding path corresponding to thesecond packet may refer to a plurality of addresses in a plurality ofsegment lists in the SRH, and the plurality of addresses indicate theforwarding path. The second indication information includes secondfunction information corresponding to a second address of a targetsegment list in the SRH, and the second address matches a networkaddress of the second network device. The target segment list is one ofthe plurality of segment lists included in the SRH. The second functioninformation is used to instruct the second network device to discard thepacket in the plurality of second packets except the packet that firstreaches the second network device. For example, the second functioninformation is function information of deleting a redundant packet.

In the foregoing manner, the first function information and the secondfunction information are extended in the segment list in the SRH, sothat the foregoing method of forwarding a packet can be used in anetwork supporting an SRv6 protocol. This improves reliability of packetforwarding.

In an example design, the flow identifier and the packet sequence numberthat are included in the second packet may be encapsulated in a segmentlist in the SRH, for example, may be encapsulated in a segment listcorresponding to the network address of the second network device.Alternatively, the flow identifier and the packet sequence may beencapsulated in each segment list. This is not limited in thisembodiment. This manner reduces overheads of a packet header.

Alternatively, the second packet further includes an IPv6-based segmentrouting protocol (Segment Routing IPv6, SRv6) header, and the flowidentifier and the packet sequence number are encapsulated in the SRv6header.

According to a second aspect, an embodiment provides a method forforwarding a packet in a network. The network includes a first networkdevice and a second network device, and there are a plurality offorwarding paths between the first network device and the second networkdevice. The first network device and the second network device may berouters, switches, or the like. This is not limited in this embodiment.

The second network device receives a second packet, where the secondpacket is any one of a plurality of second packets that are generated bythe first network device based on a first packet. The second packetincludes indication information, payload data carried in the firstpacket, and a packet sequence number, where the packet sequence numberis a packet sequence number of the first packet in a data flowcorresponding to the first packet. The indication information is used toinstruct the second network device to discard a packet in the pluralityof second packets except a packet that first reaches the second networkdevice.

It should be noted that the second packet may be a packet obtained afterprocessing is performed, by a network device on the forwarding path, onthe second packet that is generated by the first network device. Forexample, the network device on the forwarding path re-encapsulates thesecond packet.

When determining that the second packet includes the indicationinformation, the second network device searches a packet receiving tableto determine whether there is the packet sequence number carried in thesecond packet, where the packet receiving table is used to record apacket sequence number included in the second packet that is in theplurality of second packets and that first reaches the second networkdevice.

If the packet sequence number is not in the packet receiving table, itindicates that the second network device does not receive any one of theplurality of second packets sent by the first network device. The secondnetwork device stores the second packet. If the packet sequence numberis in the packet receiving table, it indicates that the second packet isnot the packet that is in the plurality of second packets and that firstreaches the second network device. To avoid repeated storage, the secondnetwork device discards the second packet.

According to the foregoing technical solution, there are a plurality offorwarding paths between the first network device and the second networkdevice. The first network device forwards the plurality of secondpackets to the second network device over the plurality of forwardingpaths, and the second network device stores only the second packet thatfirst reaches the second network device and discards another secondpacket. This can not only avoid repeatedly transmitting a same packet,but also improves reliability of packet transmission.

In an example design, the indication information may include a labelcorresponding to a target function, and the target function is used toinstruct the second network device to discard the packet in theplurality of second packets except the packet that first reaches thesecond network device. For example, the target function is a function ofdeleting a redundant packet.

In the foregoing manner, the indication information is the labelcorresponding to the target function, so that the network device canidentify the label and perform a corresponding operation. This improvesoperation efficiency.

In an example implementation, the indication information includes alabel, and the label is used to identify the data flow corresponding tothe first packet. Before the second network device searches the packetreceiving table to determine whether there is the packet sequencenumber, the second network device needs to search for an operation typecorresponding to the label. If the operation type corresponding to thelabel is a target operation type, the second network device searches thepacket receiving table to determine whether there is the packet sequencenumber. The target operation type is used to instruct the second networkdevice to discard the packet in the plurality of second packets exceptthe packet that first reaches the second network device.

In the foregoing manner, the label may not only be used to identify thedata flow, but also be used as indication information. This reducespacket overheads.

In an example implementation, the indication information may includetarget function information corresponding to a destination address in adestination address field in an IPv6 header of the second packet, andthe destination address matches a network address of the second networkdevice.

In the foregoing manner, the target function information is extended inan SRv6 protocol, so that a packet can be reliably transmitted in theSRv6 protocol.

In an example design, the network may further include a third networkdevice. After storing the second packet, the second network device mayfurther generate a third packet based on the second packet. For example,path information of a forwarding path of the third packet is added tothe third packet. The second network device forwards the third packet tothe third network device.

According to a third aspect, an embodiment provides a first networkdevice for packet forwarding in a network. The first network device hasa function of implementing an action of the first network device in themethod according to the first aspect. The function may be implemented byhardware, or may be implemented by hardware executing correspondingsoftware. The hardware or the software includes one or more modulescorresponding to the foregoing function.

In an example implementation, the first network device includes areceive unit, a generation unit and a forwarding unit. The receive unitis configured to receive a first packet, where the first packet includesfirst indication information, payload data, and a packet sequence numberof the first packet in a data flow corresponding to the first packet.The generation unit is generate, when the first network devicedetermines that the first packet comprises the first indicationinformation, a plurality of second packets based on the first packet,where each of the plurality of second packets includes the payload data,the packet sequence number, and second indication information. Theforwarding unit is configured to separately forward the plurality ofsecond packets to the second network device over different forwardingpaths in the plurality of forwarding paths, where the second indicationinformation is used to instruct the second network device to discard apacket in the plurality of second packets except a packet that firstreaches the second network device.

In another possible implementation, the first network device includes anetwork interface, a memory, and a processor, where the networkinterface is configured to receive a packet or send a packet. The memorystores a set of program code and the processor is configured to invokethe program code stored in the memory, to perform the followingoperations: receiving a first packet through the network interface,where the first packet includes first indication information, payloaddata, and a packet sequence number of the first packet in a data flowcorresponding to the first packet; when determining that the firstpacket includes the first indication information, generating a pluralityof second packets based on the first packet, where each of the pluralityof second packets includes the payload data, the packet sequence number,and second indication information; and separately forwarding theplurality of second packets to the second network device over differentforwarding paths in the plurality of forwarding paths, where the secondindication information is used to instruct the second network device todiscard a packet in the plurality of second packets except a packet thatfirst reaches the second network device.

In another possible implementation, the network device includes a maincontrol board and an interface board. The main control board includes afirst processor and a first memory. The interface board includes asecond processor, a second memory, and an interface card. The maincontrol board is coupled to the interface board. The second memory maybe configured to store program code, and the second processor isconfigured to invoke the program code in the second memory to performthe following operation:

triggering the interface card to receive a first packet, where the firstpacket includes first indication information, payload data, and a packetsequence number of the first packet in a data flow corresponding to thefirst packet.

The first memory may be configured to store program code, and the firstprocessor is configured to invoke the program code in the first memoryto perform the following operation:

when determining that the first packet includes the first indicationinformation, generating a plurality of second packets based on the firstpacket, where each of the plurality of second packets includes thepayload data, the packet sequence number, and second indicationinformation.

The second processor is configured to invoke the program code in thesecond memory to further perform the following operation: triggering theinterface card to separately forward the plurality of second packets tothe second network device over different forwarding paths in theplurality of forwarding paths, where the second indication informationis used to instruct the second network device to discard a packet in theplurality of second packets except a packet that first reaches thesecond network device.

In some embodiments, an inter-process communication (inter-processcommunication, IPC) control channel is established between the maincontrol board and the interface board.

Based on a same inventive concept, for a problem-resolving principle andbeneficial effects of the first network device, refer to the method andbeneficial effects brought by the method in the first aspect. Therefore,for implementation of the first network device, refer to implementationof the method. Repeated parts are not described again.

According to a fourth aspect, an embodiment provides a second networkdevice for packet forwarding in a network. The second network device hasa function of implementing an action of the second network device in themethod according to the second aspect. The function may be implementedby hardware, or may be implemented by hardware executing correspondingsoftware. The hardware or the software includes one or more modulescorresponding to the foregoing function.

In an example implementation, the second network device includes areceive unit, a searching unit, a storage unit, and a discarding unit,where the receiving unit is configured to receive a second packet, thesecond packet is any one of a plurality of second packets generated bythe first network device based on a first packet, and the second packetincludes indication information, payload data carried in the firstpacket, and a packet sequence number of the first packet in a data flowcorresponding to the first packet; the searching unit is configured to:when the second network device determines that the second packetincludes the indication information, search a packet receiving table todetermine whether there is the packet sequence number, where the packetreceiving table is used to record a packet sequence number included in apacket that is in the plurality of second packets and that first reachesthe second network device; the storage unit is configured to: if thepacket sequence number is not in the packet receiving table, store thesecond packet; and the discarding unit is configured to: if the packetsequence number is in the packet receiving table, discard the secondpacket.

In another possible implementation, the second network device includes anetwork interface, a memory, and a processor, where the networkinterface is configured to receive and send a packet, the memory storesa set of program code, and the processor is configured to invoke theprogram code stored in the memory to perform the following operation:receiving a second packet through the network interface, where thesecond packet is any one of a plurality of second packets generated bythe first network device based on the first packet, and the secondpacket includes indication information, payload data carried in thefirst packet, and a packet sequence number of the first packet in a datastream corresponding to the first packet; when determining that thesecond packet includes the indication information, searching a packetreceiving table to determine whether there is the packet sequencenumber, where the packet receiving table is used to record a packetsequence number included in a packet that is in the plurality of secondpackets and that first reaches the second network device; if the packetsequence number is not in the packet receiving table, storing the secondpacket; and if the packet sequence number is in the packet receivingtable, discarding the second packet.

In another possible implementation, the second network device includes amain control board and an interface board. The main control boardincludes a first processor and a first memory. The interface boardincludes a second processor, a second memory, and an interface card. Themain control board is coupled to the interface board.

The second memory may be configured to store program code, and thesecond processor is configured to invoke the program code in the secondmemory to perform the following operation:

triggering the interface card to receive a second packet, where thesecond packet is any one of a plurality of second packets generated bythe first network device based on a first packet, and the second packetincludes indication information, payload data carried in the firstpacket, and a packet sequence number of the first packet in a datastream corresponding to the first packet.

The first memory may be configured to store program code, and the firstprocessor is configured to invoke the program code in the first memoryto perform the following operation:

when determining that the second packet includes the indicationinformation, searching a packet receiving table to determine whetherthere is the packet sequence number, where the packet receiving table isused to record a packet sequence number included in a packet that is inthe plurality of second packets and that first reaches the secondnetwork device; if the packet sequence number is not in the packetreceiving table, storing the second packet; and if the packet sequencenumber is in the packet receiving table, discarding the second packet.

In some embodiments, an IPC control channel is established between themain control board and the interface board.

According to a fifth aspect, an embodiment provides a computer storagemedium, configured to store a computer software instruction used by theforegoing first network device and/or the foregoing second networkdevice. The computer software instruction includes a program designed toimplement the foregoing aspects.

According to a sixth aspect, an embodiment provides a computer programproduct including an instruction. When the instruction is run on acomputer, the computer is enabled to perform the methods in theforegoing aspects.

BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF DRAWINGS

To describe the technical solutions in the embodiments more clearly, thefollowing illustrates the accompanying drawings required forillustration in the embodiments.

FIG. 1 is a schematic diagram of an application scenario according to anembodiment;

FIG. 2 is a schematic flowchart of a method for forwarding a packetaccording to an embodiment;

FIG. 3a is a schematic diagram of a structure of a SID according to anembodiment;

FIG. 3b is a schematic diagram of an IPv6 header according to anembodiment;

FIG. 3c is a schematic diagram of a structure of an SRH according to anembodiment;

FIG. 3d is a schematic diagram of a structure of a SID according to anembodiment;

FIG. 4 is a diagram of a scenario in which a packet is forwardedaccording to an embodiment;

FIG. 5 is a diagram of another scenario in which a packet is forwardedaccording to an embodiment;

FIG. 6A and FIG. 6B are a diagram of still another scenario in which apacket is forwarded according to an embodiment;

FIG. 7A and FIG. 7B are a diagram of still another scenario in which apacket is forwarded according to an embodiment;

FIG. 8 is a schematic diagram of a structure of a first network deviceaccording to an embodiment;

FIG. 9 is a schematic diagram of a structure of a second network deviceaccording to an embodiment;

FIG. 10 is a schematic diagram of a structure of a network deviceaccording to an embodiment; and

FIG. 11 is a schematic diagram of a structure of another network deviceaccording to an embodiment.

DESCRIPTION OF EMBODIMENTS

The following describes the embodiments with reference to theaccompanying drawings in the embodiments.

Embodiments provide a method for forwarding a packet in a network and anetwork device based on the method, to replicate a first packet in thenetwork, obtain a plurality of second packets, and forward the pluralityof second packets to a same network device over a plurality of differentparallel forwarding paths. The network device stores only a secondpacket that first reaches the network device, and discards a secondpacket in the plurality of second packets except the second packet thatfirst reaches the network device. This improves reliability of packetforwarding. The method and the network device are based on a sameinventive concept. Because the method and the network device resolveproblems by using similar principles, cross reference may be madebetween the implementations of the network device and the method.Repeated parts are not described again.

FIG. 1 shows an example application scenario according to an embodiment.In the application scenario, a network device R1, a network device R2, anetwork device R3, a network device R4, a network device R5, and anetwork device R6 constitute a physical network. Alternatively, thephysical network in this embodiment may include only the network deviceR2, the network device R3, the network device R4, the network device R5,and the like. An existence form of the physical network is not limitedin this embodiment. In some embodiments, the physical network may be adata center network, a wireless network, a deterministic network(DetNet), a segment routing (SR) network, or the like.

A first network device in the embodiments may be the network device R2in FIG. 1, a second network device may be the network device R5 in FIG.1, and there are a plurality of forwarding paths between the firstnetwork device and the second network device. For example, in a networkarchitecture in FIG. 1, the network device R2 may reach the networkdevice R5 through the network device R3. In addition, the network deviceR2 may reach the network device R5 through the network device R4. Inother words, there are two forwarding paths between the network deviceR2 and the network device R5. It may be understood that, there may beanother forwarding path between the network device R2 and the networkdevice R5. In this embodiment, an example in which there are only twoforwarding paths is used for description.

In some embodiments, for one of the forwarding paths, for example, aforwarding path R2-R3-R5, the network device R2 may reach the networkdevice R5 through an intermediate network device (namely, the networkdevice R3 in FIG. 1) used for forwarding. Alternatively, the networkdevice R2 may reach the network device R5 through two or moreintermediate network devices used for forwarding. For example, after apacket reaches the network device R3, the network device R3 forwards thepacket to a network device R7, and the network device R7 forwards thepacket to the network device R5.

The network devices R1 to R6 each may be a router or a switch, or aforwarder in a network architecture of software-defined networking(SDN). In this embodiment, after receiving a first packet, the firstnetwork device (for example, R2) generates a plurality of second packetswhen determining that the first packet includes first indicationinformation used to instruct the first network device to generate theplurality of second packets, and separately forwards the plurality ofsecond packets to the second network device (for example, R5) overdifferent forwarding paths. The second network device stores a secondpacket that is in the plurality of second packets and that first reachesthe second network device, and discards a second packet in the pluralityof second packets except the second packet that first reaches the secondnetwork device. In the foregoing packet forwarding mode, even if networklinks of some of the plurality of forwarding paths are faulty, receivingof the second packet by the second network device is not affected.Therefore, this improves reliability of packet forwarding.

With reference to the application scenario shown in FIG. 1, referring toFIG. 2, an embodiment provides a schematic flowchart of a method forforwarding a packet. The method includes the following steps.

S10: A first network device receives a first packet, where the firstpacket includes first indication information, payload data, and a packetsequence number of the first packet in a data flow corresponding to thefirst packet.

In one embodiment, the first indication information is used to instructthe first network device to generate a plurality of second packets basedon the first packet. The payload data is user data that needs to betransmitted. The packet sequence number is a number of the first packetin a corresponding data flow. For example, the data flow correspondingto the first packet includes a plurality of packets, and each of theplurality of packets are numbered in a sending sequence. The number maybe the packet sequence number. A packet sequence number of a packet isnot changed in a process in which the packet is forwarded andre-encapsulated. For example, when the first packet is re-encapsulatedto obtain the second packet, the packet sequence number is not changed.In other words, the packet sequence number included in the second packetis the same as the packet sequence number included in the first packet.For another example, when the second packet is received by anothernetwork device, and is re-encapsulated to obtain a third packet, thepacket sequence number is still not changed. In other words, the packetsequence number included in the third packet is the same as the packetsequence number included in the first packet.

S11: When determining that the first packet includes the firstindication information, the first network device generates the pluralityof second packets based on the first packet, where each of the pluralityof second packets includes the payload data, the packet sequence number,and second indication information.

S12: The first network device separately forwards the plurality ofsecond packets to the second network device over different forwardingpaths in a plurality of forwarding paths, where the second indicationinformation is used to instruct the second network device to discard apacket in the plurality of second packets except a packet that firstreaches the second network device.

S13: The second network device receives the second packet, where thesecond packet is any one of the plurality of second packets that aregenerated by the first network device based on the first packet.

S14: When determining that the second packet includes the secondindication information, the second network device searches a packetreceiving table to determine whether there is the packet sequencenumber, where the packet receiving table is used to record a packetsequence number included in the second packet that is in the pluralityof second packets and that first reaches the second network device.

S15: If the packet sequence number is not in the packet receiving table,the second network device stores the second packet.

S16: If the packet sequence number is in the packet receiving table, thesecond network device discards the second packet.

In some embodiments, a manner in which the first network devicegenerates the plurality of second packets based on the first packet maybe as follows: The first network device replicates the first packet toobtain a plurality of replicated packets, pops information (such as pathinformation and the first indication information that are carried in thefirst packet) unnecessary for the second packet out from each of thereplicated packets, and then pushes information (such as the secondindication information, and path information corresponding to the secondpacket) necessary for the second packet. Alternatively, the firstnetwork device pops information (such as path information and the firstindication information that are carried in the first packet) unnecessaryfor the second packet out from the first packet, replicates a packetobtained after pop processing, to obtain a plurality of replicatedpackets, and pushes information (such as the second indicationinformation, and path information corresponding to the second packet)necessary for the second packet to each of the replicated packets. Insome other embodiments, the first network device pops information (suchas path information and the first indication information that arecarried in the first packet) unnecessary for the second packet out fromthe first packet, pushes information (such as the second indicationinformation) common to all of the second packets, replicates a packetobtained after push processing, to obtain a plurality of replicatedpackets, and pushes information (such as path information correspondingto the second packet) unique to each of the replicated packets to thereplicated packet. It should be noted that a manner of generating theplurality of second packets by the first network device based on thefirst packet is not limited to the foregoing three manners. Theforegoing three manners are merely examples for description.

It should be noted that the path information corresponding to the secondpacket refers to path information of a forwarding path corresponding toforwarding of the second packet, and each packet is forwarded over adifferent forwarding path. Therefore, path information of a forwardingpath of each packet is different. For example, one second packet isforwarded over a forwarding path 1, and another second packet isforwarded over a forwarding path 2. In this case, the path informationthat is of the forwarding path and that is included in the one secondpacket is path information of the forwarding path 1, and the pathinformation that is of the forwarding path and that is included in theanother second packet is path information of the forwarding path 2.

In some embodiments, the path information of the forwarding pathcorresponding to each packet may be preconfigured in the first networkdevice. After generating the plurality of second packets, the firstnetwork device searches a local storage device for path information of aforwarding path corresponding to each second packet. For example, thefirst network device stores path information of each of the plurality offorwarding paths associated with a flow identifier of the data flowcorresponding to the first packet. The first packet may further includethe flow identifier of the data flow corresponding to the first packet.When obtaining the flow identifier from the first packet throughparsing, the first network device may find path information of theplurality of forwarding paths associated with the flow identifier, andencapsulate path information of each of the plurality of forwardingpaths in a corresponding second packet. The second packet may alsoinclude the flow identifier, so that the second network device searches,based on the flow identifier, for path information of a forwarding pathcorresponding to the third packet obtained by re-encapsulating thesecond packet.

In a first implementation, the first indication information may includea first label, and the second indication information may include asecond label. The first label corresponds to a first function, and thefirst function is used to instruct the first network device to generatethe plurality of second packets. For example, the first label is areplication label. The second label corresponds to a second function,and the second function is used to instruct the second network device todiscard the packet in the plurality of second packets except the packetthat first reaches the second network device. For example, the secondlabel is a redundancy label.

When identifying the first label included at a top of the first packet,the first network device generates the plurality of second packets basedon the first packet, and forwards the plurality of second packets to thesecond network device over different forwarding paths.

Labels corresponding to different functions are encapsulated in apacket, so that the network device identifies the label and performs anoperation corresponding to the label. This improves operationefficiency.

In a second implementation, both the first indication information andthe second indication information may include a third label, and thethird label is used to uniquely identify the data flow corresponding tothe first packet. Because the third label may be used to identify thedata flow corresponding to the first packet, the flow identifier may notneed to be encapsulated in the first packet and the second packet, toreduce packet overheads.

A correspondence between the third label and an operation type needs tobe preconfigured in the first network device and the second networkdevice. For example, an operation type corresponding to the third labelis configured as a target operation type in the first network device,and the target operation type is used to instruct the first networkdevice to generate the plurality of second packets based on the firstpacket. In some embodiments, the target operation type is a replicationoperation type. When receiving the first packet, the first networkdevice obtains, through parsing, that the top of the first packet is thethird label, and finds that the target operation type corresponding tothe third label is the replication operation type. Therefore, the firstnetwork device generates the plurality of second packets based on thefirst packet. The target operation type corresponding to the third labelis configured in the second network device. The target operation type isa deletion operation type that is used to instruct the second networkdevice to discard the packet in the plurality of second packets exceptthe packet that first reaches the second network device.

In the foregoing manner, the third label may be used to identify thedata flow corresponding to the packet, and may also be used as differentindication information. Therefore, a flow identifier does not need to beadditionally encapsulated in the packet. This reduces packet overheads.

In some embodiments, the first label, the second label, and the thirdlabel are labels used in an SR network.

In a third optional implementation, the method for forwarding a packetin this embodiment may be applied to an SRv6 network. The firstindication information may include first function informationcorresponding to a first address in a destination address field in anIPv6 header of the first packet. The first function information may beextended function information, and is used to instruct the first networkdevice to generate the plurality of second packets. For example, thefirst function information is a replication function information. Thefirst address matches a network address of the first network device.

The first network device generates the plurality of second packets basedon the first packet, where each of the packets includes the secondindication information, path information of a forwarding pathcorresponding to the packet, the packet sequence number, and the payloaddata. The second indication information may be second functioninformation corresponding to a second address in an SRH of the secondpacket, and the second address matches a network address of the secondnetwork device. The second function information may be other extendedfunction information, and is used to instruct the second network deviceto discard another packet in the plurality of second packets except thepacket that first reaches the second network device. For example, thesecond function information is redundancy deletion function information.

As shown in FIG. 3a , a main idea of SRv6 programming is to divide anSRv6 local segment identification (local SID) into two parts: LOC(Local) and FUNCT (Function). Each of the two parts occupies 64 bits.The LOC is usually a network segment address through which a currentnetwork device can be routed, and the FUNCT usually corresponds to aspecific function of a SID. For example, a current available function ofthe FUNCT is an Endpoint function.

In some embodiments, a structure of an SRv6 packet includes an IPv6header shown in FIG. 3b and an SRH shown in FIG. 3c . When informationcarried in a destination address field in an IPv6 header of the packetmatches an SRv6 local SID of a network device, and a function of theFUNCT is Endpoint, the network device updates information in thedestination address field in the IPv6 header by using a correspondingsegment list in the SRH of the structure of the packet, further searchesa forwarding table for an updated destination address, and forwards thepacket based on a search result; otherwise the network device discardsthe packet. It should be noted that a format of the destination addressfield in the IPv6 header is the same as a format of the SRv6 local SIDin FIG. 3a , and a format of each segment list in the SRH is the same asthe format of the SRv6 local SID in FIG. 3 a.

In this embodiment, two types of new function information different fromthe Endpoint function are extended, that is, the first functioninformation and the second function information. The first functioninformation is used to instruct the first network device to generate theplurality of second packets. For example, the first function informationis replication function information. The second function information isused to instruct the second network device to discard the packet in theplurality of second packets except the packet that first reaches thesecond network device. For example, the second function information isthe redundancy deletion function information.

In some embodiments, when the first network device receives the firstpacket, an address in the destination address field in the packet headerof the first packet matches the network address of the first networkdevice, and the first function information in the destination addressfield is the replication function information, the first network devicereplicates the first packet. In addition, the first network deviceobtains the flow identifier of the data flow corresponding to the firstpacket, and searches for an SRH corresponding to the flow identifier.The SRH includes the second address and the second function informationcorresponding to the second address, and the second address matches thenetwork address of the second network device. In addition, the SRHincludes path information of a forwarding path of the second packet(that is, network addresses of all network devices on the forwardingpath). Function information corresponding to another address (that is, anetwork address of an intermediate network device on the forwardingpath) different from the second address in the SRH is Endpoint. In otherwords, the intermediate network device updates only a destinationaddress field in the SRH of the second packet, and searches theforwarding table for forwarding. The first network device replaces anSRH of the replicated packet with the SRH obtained through searching,and updates the destination address field in the IPv6 header to obtainthe second packet.

In some embodiments, if the SID is encapsulated in a manner in FIG. 3a ,the first packet and the second packet may further include a DetNet SRv6header, and the DetNet SRv6 header includes the flow identifier and thepacket sequence number. In some embodiments, if the SID is encapsulatedin a manner in FIG. 3d , to be specific, the flow identifier and thepacket sequence number are used as parameters of function informationand encapsulated in the SID, the first packet and the second packet maynot include the DetNet SRv6 header. This reduces packet overheads. TheFUN occupies 4 bits, a flow ID occupies 28 bits, and a packet sequencenumber SN occupies 32 bits.

The first function information and the second function information areextended, so that the foregoing method of forwarding a packet can beused in a network supporting an SRv6 protocol. This improves reliabilityof packet forwarding.

The first network device forwards the plurality of second packets to thesecond network device over the different forwarding paths in theplurality of forwarding paths between the first network device and thesecond network device.

The second network device receives the second packets. It should benoted that the second packets received by the second network device maybe different from the second packets sent by the first network device.For example, there is at least one intermediate network device on theforwarding path between the first network device and the second networkdevice. The intermediate network device re-encapsulates (for example,pops a corresponding MPLS label out) a received packet, and thenforwards the re-encapsulated packet. However, the packet re-encapsulatedby the intermediate network device still includes the second indicationinformation, the packet sequence number, the payload data, and the like.Essentially, the packet is the same as the second packet sent by thefirst network device. Therefore, the packet is generally referred to asthe second packet in this embodiment.

FIG. 1 is still used as an example for description herein. There are twoforwarding paths between the network device R2 and the network deviceR5, and a forwarding path R2-R4-R5 is used as an example fordescription. The network device R2 sends a second packet, and the secondpacket reaches the network device R4. The network device R4 performscorresponding encapsulation processing (for example, pops acorresponding MPLS label out or updates information in a destinationaddress field in an IPv6 header) on the second packet, and sends apacket that is obtained after encapsulation processing to the networkdevice R5. In this embodiment, the packet received by the network deviceR5 is still referred to as a second packet, and the second packet isessentially the same as the second packet sent by the network device R2.However, some changes may occur in the packet received by the networkdevice R5 due to processing performed by the intermediate network deviceR4.

The second network device parses the second packet and searches, whendetermining that the second packet includes indication information, apacket receiving table to determine whether there is the packet sequencenumber included in the second packet. In some embodiments, theindication information is used to instruct the second network device todiscard a packet in the plurality of second packets, sent by the firstnetwork device, except a packet that first reaches the second networkdevice. The indication information is the same as the second indicationinformation included in the second packet sent by the first networkdevice. The packet receiving table is used to record the packet sequencenumber included in the second packet that first reaches the secondnetwork device. For example, each time the second network devicereceives a packet, the second network device searches the packetreceiving table for a packet sequence number included in the packet. Ifthe packet sequence number is in the packet receiving table, itindicates that the second network device has received a packet includingthe packet sequence number, and the second network device discards thepacket. If the packet sequence number is not in the packet receivingtable, it indicates that the second network device has not received apacket including the packet sequence number, and the second networkdevice stores the packet. In some embodiments, the second network devicemay further forward the packet.

In an implementation, the indication information includes a labelcorresponding to a target function, and the target function is used toinstruct the second network device to discard the packet in theplurality of second packets except the packet that first reaches thesecond network device. The label herein is the same as the second labelincluded in the second packet sent by the first network device in thefirst optional implementation described above. A target functioncorresponding to the label herein is the same as the second functioncorresponding to the second label, and details are not described herein.When identifying the label included at the top of the second packet, thesecond network device stores the second packet that first reaches thesecond network device and discards the packet in the plurality of secondpackets except the packet that first reaches the second network device.

The label corresponding to the target function is encapsulated in thesecond packet, so that the second network device identifies the labeland performs an operation corresponding to the label. This improvesoperation efficiency.

In another implementation, the indication information may include alabel, and the label is used to identify a data flow corresponding tothe first packet. The label herein is the same as the third labelincluded in the second packet sent by the first network device in thesecond optional implementation described above, and details are notdescribed herein. It should be noted that a correspondence between thelabel and an operation type needs to be configured in the second networkdevice. When finding that the operation type corresponding to the labelis a target operation type, the second network device searches thepacket receiving table to determine whether there is the packet sequencenumber included in the second packet. The target operation type is usedto instruct the second network device to discard the packet in theplurality of second packets, sent by the first network device, exceptthe packet that first reaches the second network device.

In the foregoing manner, the label may not only be used to identify adata flow corresponding to a packet, but also be used as differentindication information. Therefore, a flow identifier does not need to beadditionally encapsulated in the packet. This reduces packet overheads.

In still another implementation, the indication information may includetarget function information corresponding to a destination address in adestination address field in an IPv6 header of the second packet, andthe destination address matches a network address of the second networkdevice. The target function information is used to instruct the secondnetwork device to discard the packet in the plurality of second packets,sent by the first network device, except the packet that first reachesthe second network device. For a format of the IPv6 header of the secondpacket, refer to the foregoing third optional implementation. Detailsare not described herein.

It should be noted that, there may be an intermediate network deviceused for forwarding between the first network device and the secondnetwork device. In a forwarding process, the intermediate network deviceupdates, based on an SRH included in the second packet sent by the firstnetwork device, the IPv6 header of the second packet sent by the firstnetwork device. Therefore, the second packet received by the secondnetwork device differs from the second packet sent by the first networkdevice in the IPv6 header. Information in the IPv6 header in the secondpacket is the same as the second indication information included in theSRH of the second packet sent by the first network device.

In some embodiments, the network further includes a third networkdevice, and there is at least one forwarding path between the secondnetwork device and the third network device. When not finding, in thepacket receiving table, the packet sequence number included in thereceived second packet, the second network device searches for pathinformation of a forwarding path corresponding to a flow identifierincluded in the second packet, encapsulates the path information in thesecond packet to obtain a third packet, and forwards the third packetobtained after encapsulation to the third network device. The pathinformation may include the MPLS label stack and the SRH described inthe foregoing embodiment.

The target function information is extended, so that the foregoingmethod of forwarding a packet can be used in a network supporting anSRv6 protocol. This improves reliability of packet forwarding.

The following describes the foregoing embodiments by using examples withreference to FIG. 4 to FIG. 7A and FIG. 7B. In FIG. 4 to FIG. 7A andFIG. 7B, a flow identifier is briefly referred to as a flow ID, and apacket sequence number is briefly referred to as an SN.

In some embodiments, with reference to a scenario in FIG. 4, an exampleis used for describing that the first indication information includes afirst label and the foregoing second indication information includes asecond label in the foregoing description. As shown in FIG. 4, thescenario may be a packet forwarding scenario in an MPLS segment routing(SR) network, and payload data may be DetNet payload data. Two fieldsare extended at a bottom of an SR label stack to form a DetNet header(DetNet MPLS Segment Routing Encapsulation Header). The two fieldsinclude the flow identifier (Flow ID) and the packet sequence number(SN). In addition, three SR labels with special meanings, namely, areplication label, a redundancy label, and a DetNet label, are defined.

The replication label is used as an instruction for replicating apacket. When a top of a DetNet packet received by a network device isthe replication label, the network device replicates the packet, andpushes a corresponding label stack (for example, a redundancy label andan MPLS label stack) to the packet. A DetNet redundancy label is used asan instruction for deleting a redundant packet. When a top of a receivedDetNet packet is the redundancy label, a flow ID and a sequence Num ofthe packet are searched for, a packet that is first received is stored,and the redundant packet is discarded. If the packet needs to be furtherforwarded, a corresponding label stack (for example, a DetNet label andan MPLS label stack) is added to the packet before the packet isforwarded. Then, forwarding is performed. The DetNet label is used tomark that a transmitted packet belongs to a DetNet data flow. The DetNetlabel has the DetNet header. The first label mentioned in thisembodiment may be the foregoing replication label, and the second labelmay be the foregoing redundancy label.

A replication label stack table is configured in a first network device.The replication label stack table is used to describe an associationrelationship between the flow ID and path information (MPLS labelstacks) of a plurality of forwarding paths corresponding to a pluralityof second packets, and is used to push a new MPLS label stack to thesecond packet. The new MPLS label stack is used to indicate a forwardingpath of the second packet. A convergence label stack table and a packetreceiving table are configured in a second network device. Theconvergence label stack table is used to describe an associationrelationship between the flow ID and path information of a forwardingpath corresponding to a third packet, and the third packet is a packetobtained after re-encapsulation is performed on a second packet thatfirst reaches the second network device. The convergence label stacktable is used to push a new MPLS label stack to the third packet, andthe new MPLS label stack is used to indicate a forwarding path of thethird packet. It should be noted that if the second network device doesnot further forward the second packet to another network device, theconvergence label stack table does not need to be configured in thesecond network device. The packet receiving table is used to record aflow ID and a sequence Num. If a packet corresponding to a specificsequence number has been received by the second network device, thesecond network device records the sequence number in the packetreceiving table. If the packet corresponding to the sequence numberreaches the second network device again, the second network devicediscards the packet. The second network device may filter, based on thepacket receiving table, the plurality of second packets sent by thefirst network device, and store or forward only the second packet thatfirst reaches the second network device.

Referring to FIG. 4, the first network device is R2, and the secondnetwork device is R5. The network device R1 receives a DetNet packet,and encapsulates the DetNet packet, to be specific, encapsulates aninput stream ID 1, an SN 10, and a replication label 1001 in the DetNetpacket, to obtain a first packet. If there is a multihop route betweenthe network device R1 and the network device R2, an MPLS label stackused to indicate a forwarding path of the first packet needs to befurther encapsulated in the packet. The network device R2 receives thefirst packet sent by the network device R1, parses the first packet, anddetermines that a top of a label stack of the first packet is areplication label 1001. Therefore, the network device R2 replicates thefirst packet, pops the replication label 1001 out, and pushes a newlabel stack to obtain two second packets. The new label stack includes aredundancy label 1002 and an MPLS label stack that is used to indicate aforwarding path of the second packet, where the redundancy label 1002 islocated at a bottom of the MPLS label stack.

The network device R2 separately sends the obtained two second packetsto a network device R3 and a network device R4. After receiving thesecond packets, the network device R3 and the network device R4 forwardthe second packets based on an MPLS label at a top of a label stack ofthe second packet. The network device R5 receives the packets that havea sequence Num of 10 and that are separately transmitted from thenetwork device R4 and the network device R3. For example, if the packetfrom the network device R4 first arrives, the network device R5 updatesthe packet receiving table and pushes new label stacks including aDetNet label and an MPLS label stack that indicates a subsequentforwarding path. Then, when the packet from the network device R3arrives, R5 searches and determines that the packet sequence number SN10is in the packet receiving table, and therefore discards the packetforwarded by the network device R3. A packet sent by the network deviceR5 is finally transmitted to a network device R7, and the network deviceR7 performs decapsulation and obtains the payload data.

In some embodiments, with reference to a scenario in FIG. 5, an exampleis used for describing that both the foregoing first indicationinformation and the foregoing second indication information are thirdlabels. As shown in FIG. 5, the scenario may be a packet forwardingscenario according to an MPLS SR protocol. Payload data may be DetNetpayload data. A field of a packet sequence number (SN) is extended at abottom of an SR label stack. In addition, a DetNet SR label (that is,the third label) is defined, and the DetNet SR label is in a one-to-onecorrespondence with data flow. A first network device and a secondnetwork device determine, by identifying a DetNet SR label, an operationtype of an operation performed on the packet. The first network devicemay be a network device R2 in FIG. 5, and the second network device maybe a network device R5 in FIG. 5.

A DetNet SR label operation table is configured in the first networkdevice and the second network device. The label operation table is usedto describe an operation type corresponding to a DetNet SR label. Forexample, in the first network device, the operation type thatcorresponds to the DetNet SR label and that is described in the labeloperation table is a replication operation. In the second networkdevice, the operation type that corresponds to the DetNet SR label andthat is described in the label operation table is a redundancy deletionoperation. In addition, the second network device configures the packetreceiving table. For a description of the packet receiving table, referto the description in FIG. 4. FIG. 5 uses a DetNet SR label to replacethe flow ID in FIG. 4, and details are not described herein.

Referring to FIG. 5, the network device R1 receives a DetNet packet, andencapsulates the DetNet packet, to be specific, encapsulates an SN 10and a DetNet12 (that is, the DetNet SR label) in the DetNet packet, toobtain a first packet. If there is a multihop route between the networkdevice R1 and the network device R2, an MPLS label stack used toindicate a forwarding path of the first packet needs to be furtherencapsulated in the packet. The network device R2 receives the firstpacket sent by the network device R1, parses the first packet, obtainsthe DetNet12 label included in the first packet, and searches the labeloperation table for a target operation type corresponding to theDetNet12. If the target operation type instructs to perform areplication operation on the first packet, the network device R2replicates the first packet and pushes a new label stack to obtain twosecond packets. The new label stack includes an MPLS label stack that isused to indicate a forwarding path of the second packet.

The network device R2 separately sends the obtained two second packetsto a network device R3 and a network device R4. After receiving thesecond packets, the network device R3 and the network device R4 forwardthe second packets based on an MPLS label at a top of a label stack ofthe second packet. The network device R5 receives the packets separatelytransmitted from the network device R4 and the network device R3,searches the DetNet label operation table, and finds that the targetoperation type corresponding to the DetNet12 label is redundancydeletion. Therefore, the network device R5 forwards a packet that isfirst received, and discards a packet that is repeatedly received. For aspecific operation process of the network device R5, refer to thedescription in FIG. 4. Details are not described herein.

In some embodiments, with reference to scenarios in FIG. 6A and FIG. 6Band FIG. 7A and FIG. 7B, examples are used for describing that theforegoing first indication information includes first functioninformation in a destination address field in an IPv6 header of a firstpacket and the foregoing second indication information includes secondfunction information in an SRH of a second packet. As shown in FIG. 6Aand FIG. 6B and FIG. 7A and FIG. 7B, the scenarios may be packetforwarding scenarios according to an SRv6 protocol, and payload data maybe DetNet payload data. A first network device may be a network deviceR2 and a second network device may be a network device R5.

A packet SRH replication table is configured in the first networkdevice. The packet SRH replication table is used to describe acorrespondence between a flow identifier and a plurality of SRHs, and isused to encapsulate a new SRH in a replicated packet, to obtain thesecond packet. A redundant packet SRH deletion table is configured inthe second network device. The redundant packet SRH deletion table isused to describe a correspondence between a flow identifier and aplurality of SRHs, and is used to encapsulate a new SRH in a secondpacket that is first received by the second network device. Further, apacket receiving table is configured in the second network device, andis used to record a packet sequence number included in the second packetthat first reaches the second network device.

In addition, two types of function information are extended, that is,replication function information and redundancy deletion functioninformation. The replication function information: When a network devicereceives an SRv6 packet, a destination address in an IPv6 header of thepacket matches a network address of the network device, and functioninformation corresponding to the destination address is the replicationfunction information, the network device replicates the packet, obtainsa flow identifier, and searches the packet SRH replication table for anSRH corresponding to the flow identifier. Then, the network devicereplaces an SRH of the replicated packet with the SRH that correspondsto the flow identifier and that is in the table, updates the destinationaddress field in the IPv6 header to obtain the second packet, andforwards the packet based on the information in a destination addressfield in an IPv6 header of the second packet.

The redundancy deletion function information: When a network devicereceives an SRv6 packet, a destination address in an IPv6 header of thepacket matches a network address of the network device, and functioninformation corresponding to the destination address is the redundancydeletion function information, the network device obtains a flowidentifier and a packet sequence number, searches a packet receivingtable to determine whether there is the packet sequence number, anddiscards the packet if the sequence number of the packet is in thepacket receiving table. If the packet sequence number is not in thepacket receiving table, the network device searches the redundant packetSRH deletion table, replaces an SRH of the received packet with an SRHthat corresponds to the flow identifier and that is in the redundantpacket SRH deletion table, updates a destination address field in theIPv6 header, and forwards the packet based on information in thedestination address field.

The flow identifier and the packet sequence number may be encapsulatedin a DetNet SRv6 header of the packet. In other words, the DetNet SRv6header includes the flow identifier and the packet sequence number.Referring to FIG. 6A and FIG. 6B, a network device R1 encapsulates apacket, adds the DetNet SRv6 header, an SRH and an IPv6 header, toobtain a first packet. The network device R2 receives the first packet,parses the first packet, and determines that a destination address inthe IPv6 header of the first packet matches a network address of thenetwork device R2 and function information corresponding to thedestination address in the IPv6 header is a replication function. Inthis case, the network device R2 replicates the packet. The networkdevice R2 obtains a flow identifier and a packet sequence number fromthe DetNet SRv6 header, searches the packet SRH replication table for acorresponding SRH, replaces an SRH of the replicated packet with thesearched SRH, and updates the IPv6 header of the replicated packet, toobtain a second packet.

The network device R2 separately sends the obtained two second packetsto a network device R3 and a network device R4. Because functioninformation corresponding to the network device R3 and the networkdevice R4 is Endpoint, the network device R3 and the network device R4each only updates a destination address field in an IPv6 header of thepacket based on the SRH of the packet, and forwards the packet. In someembodiments, a manner of updating the destination address field of thepacket based on the SRH of the packet may be specifically replacinginformation in the destination address field with a correspondingsegment list in the SRH.

The network device R5 receives the packets that have a sequence Num of10 and that are separately transmitted from the network device R4 andthe network device R3. For example, if the packet from the networkdevice R4 first arrives, and the network device R5 determines that adestination address in a destination address field of the packet matchesa network address of the network device R5 and function informationcorresponding to the destination address is the redundancy deletionfunction information, the network device R5 searches and determines thatthe packet sequence number is not in the packet receiving table. In thiscase, the network device R5 updates the packet receiving table, replacesan SRH of the received packet based on the redundant packet SRH deletiontable, updates an IPv6 header of the packet, and forwards the packet.Then, when the packet from the network device R3 arrives, R5 searchesand determines that the packet sequence number SN10 is in the packetreceiving table, and therefore discards the packet forwarded by thenetwork device R3. At last, the packet sent by the network device R5 istransmitted to a network device R7, and the network device R7 performsdecapsulation and obtains the payload data.

The flow identifier and the packet sequence number may further beencapsulated in an SRH. In other words, a segment list is encapsulatedin the format shown in FIG. 3d . As shown in FIG. 7A and FIG. 7B, adifference between an encapsulation structure of each packet and anencapsulation structure in FIG. 6A and FIG. 6B lies in that a DetNetSRv6 header does not need to be added. An operation manner of eachnetwork device is the same as that in the embodiment in FIG. 6A and FIG.6B. Details are not described herein.

Referring to FIG. 8, an embodiment provides a first network device 800for forwarding a packet in a network. The network includes the firstnetwork device and a second network device, and there are a plurality offorwarding paths between the first network device and the second networkdevice. The first network device includes a receive unit 801, ageneration unit 802, a forwarding unit 803, and a searching unit 804.

The receive unit 801 is configured to receive a first packet, where thefirst packet includes first indication information, payload data, and apacket sequence number of the first packet in a data flow correspondingto the first packet.

The generation unit 802 is configured to generate, when the firstnetwork device determines that the first packet comprises the firstindication information, a plurality of second packets based on the firstpacket, where each of the plurality of second packets includes thepayload data, the packet sequence number, and second indicationinformation.

The forwarding unit 803 is configured to separately forward theplurality of second packets to the second network device over differentforwarding paths in the plurality of forwarding paths, where the secondindication information is used to instruct the second network device todiscard a packet in the plurality of second packets except a packet thatfirst reaches the second network device.

In an example implementation, the first packet further includes a flowidentifier of the data flow corresponding to the first packet, and thefirst network device further includes the searching unit 804.

The searching unit 804 is configured to search for path information ofeach of the plurality of forwarding paths associated with the flowidentifier, where one second packet corresponds to one of the pluralityof forwarding paths.

In an example implementation, the first indication information includesa first label, the second indication information includes a secondlabel, the first label corresponds to a first function, the second labelcorresponds to a second function, the first function is used to instructthe first network device to generate the plurality of second packets,and the second function is used to instruct the second network device todiscard the packet in the plurality of second packets except the packetthat first reaches the second network device.

The path information of the forwarding path includes a multi-protocollabel switching MPLS label stack of the forwarding path.

In an example implementation, the first indication information includesa third label, the second indication information includes the thirdlabel, and the third label is used to identify the data flowcorresponding to the first packet.

The path information of the forwarding path includes an MPLS label stackof the forwarding path.

The searching unit 804 is further configured to search for an operationtype corresponding to the third label.

The generation unit 802 is configured to: if the operation typecorresponding to the third label is a target operation type, generatethe plurality of second packets based on the first packet, where thetarget operation type is used to instruct the first network device togenerate the plurality of second packets.

In an example implementation, the first indication information includesfirst function information corresponding to a first address in adestination address field in an Internet Protocol version 6 IPv6 headerof the first packet, and the first address matches a network address ofthe first network device.

The second packet includes a segment routing header SRH, the SRHincludes the second indication information and path information of aforwarding path corresponding to the second packet, the secondindication information includes second function informationcorresponding to a second address of a target segment list in the SRH,and the second address matches a network address of the second networkdevice.

In an example implementation, the flow identifier and the packetsequence number are encapsulated in a segment list in the SRH.

In some embodiments, the second packet further includes an IPv6-basedsegment routing protocol SRv6 header, and the flow identifier and thepacket sequence number are encapsulated in the SRv6 header.

The first network device 800 may be a router, a switch, or a networkdevice having a forwarding function. The first network device 800 canimplement functions of the first network device in the foregoingembodiment. For a specific execution step, refer to the foregoing methodembodiment. Details are not described herein.

Referring to FIG. 9, an embodiment provides a second network device 900for forwarding a packet in a network. The network includes a firstnetwork device and the second network device, and there are a pluralityof forwarding paths between the first network device and the secondnetwork device. The second network device includes a receive unit 901, asearching unit 902, a storage unit 903, and a discarding unit 904.

The receive unit 901 is configured to receive a second packet, where thesecond packet is any one of a plurality of second packets that aregenerated by the first network device based on a first packet, thesecond packet includes indication information, payload data carried inthe first packet, and a packet sequence number of the first packet in adata flow corresponding to the first packet.

The searching unit 902 is configured to: when the second network devicedetermines that the second packet includes the indication information,search a packet receiving table to determine whether there is the packetsequence number, where the packet receiving table is used to record apacket sequence number included in a second packet that is in theplurality of second packets and that first reaches the second networkdevice.

The storage unit 903 is configured to: if the packet sequence number isnot in the packet receiving table, store the second packet.

The discarding unit 904 is configured to: if the packet sequence numberis in the packet receiving table, discard the second packet.

In an example implementation, the indication information includes alabel corresponding to a target function, and the target function isused to instruct the second network device to discard a packet in theplurality of second packets except the packet that first reaches thesecond network device.

In an example implementation, the indication information includes alabel, and the label is used to identify the data flow corresponding tothe first packet.

The searching unit 902 is specifically configured to: if an operationtype corresponding to the label is a target operation type, search thepacket receiving table to determine whether there is the packet sequencenumber, where the target operation type is used to instruct the secondnetwork device to discard the packet in the plurality of second packetsexcept the packet that first reaches the second network device.

In an example implementation, the indication information includes targetfunction information corresponding to a destination address in adestination address field in an Internet Protocol version 6 IPv6 headerof the second packet, and the destination address matches a networkaddress of the second network device.

In an example implementation, the network further includes a thirdnetwork device, and the second network device further includes ageneration unit 905 and a forwarding unit 906.

The generation unit 905 is configured to generate a third packet basedon the second packet, where the third packet includes the payload dataand the packet sequence number.

The forwarding unit 906 is configured to forward the third packet to thethird network device.

The second network device 900 may be a router, a switch, or a networkdevice having a forwarding function. The second network device canimplement functions of the second network device in the foregoingembodiment. For a specific execution step, refer to the foregoing methodembodiment. Details are not described herein.

Referring to FIG. 10, an embodiment provides a network device 1000. Thenetwork device 1000 may be a router, a switch, or a network devicehaving a forwarding function. The network device 1000 can implementfunctions of the first network device or the second network device inthe foregoing method embodiment. The network device 1000 includes aprocessor 1003, a network interface 1002, and a memory 1001. The memorymay be configured to store program code and data of the network device,and the processor 1003 is configured to invoke a program instruction inthe memory 1001 to perform the method shown in the foregoing embodiment.For a specific execution step, refer to the foregoing embodiment.Details are not described herein.

Referring to FIG. 11, an embodiment provides a network device 1100. Thenetwork device 1100 may be a router, a switch, or a network devicehaving a forwarding function. The network device 1000 can implementfunctions of the first network device or the second network device inthe foregoing method embodiment. The network device 1100 includes a maincontrol board 1101 and an interface board 1102. The main control board1101 includes a processor 1103 and a memory 1104. The interface board1102 includes a processor 1105, a memory 1106, and an interface card1107. The main control board 1101 is coupled to the interface board1102.

The memory 1104 may be configured to store program code of the maincontrol board 1101, and the processor 1103 is configured to invoke theprogram code in the memory 1104 to perform a corresponding operation ofpacket processing.

The memory 1106 may be configured to store program code of the interfaceboard 1102, and the processor 1105 is configured to invoke the programcode in the memory 1106 to perform a corresponding operation of packetreceiving or sending.

In an example implementation, an inter-process communication IPC controlchannel is established between the main control board 1101 and theinterface board 1102.

An embodiment further provides a computer storage medium, configured tostore a computer software instruction used by the first network deviceor the second network device in the embodiment shown in FIG. 2, wherethe computer software instruction includes a program used to perform themethod in the foregoing method embodiment.

“First” in the first network device in the embodiments is merely used asa name identifier, and does not represent the first in sequence. For thewords “second” and “third”, this rule also applies.

Methods or algorithm steps described in combination with the contentdisclosed in the present disclosure may be implemented by hardware, ormay be implemented by a processor by executing a software instruction.The software instruction may include a corresponding software module.The software module may be stored in a random access memory (RAM), aflash memory, a read-only memory (ROM), an erasable programmableread-only memory (EPROM), an electrically erasable programmableread-only memory (EEPROM), a hard disk, a removable hard disk, a compactdisc, or any other form of storage medium well-known in the art. Forexample, a storage medium is coupled to a processor, so that theprocessor can read information from the storage medium and writeinformation into the storage medium. Certainly, the storage medium mayalternatively be a component of the processor. The processor and thestorage medium may be located in an ASIC. In addition, the ASIC may belocated in a core network interface device. Certainly, the processor andthe storage medium may exist in the core network interface device asdiscrete components.

A person skilled in the art should be aware that in the foregoing one ormore examples, functions described in the present disclosure may beimplemented by hardware, software, firmware, or any combination thereof.When the functions are implemented by software, the functions may bestored in a computer-readable medium or transmitted as one or moreinstructions or code in a computer-readable medium. Thecomputer-readable medium includes a computer storage medium and acommunications medium, where the communications medium includes anymedium that facilitates transmission of a computer program from oneplace to another. The storage medium may be any available mediumaccessible to a general-purpose or special-purpose computer.

In the foregoing example implementations, the objectives, technicalsolutions, and beneficial effects of the present disclosure are furtherdescribed in detail. It should be understood that the foregoingdescriptions are merely specific implementations of the presentdisclosure, but are not intended to limit the protection scope of thepresent disclosure. Any modification, equivalent replacement, orimprovement made within the spirit and principle of the presentdisclosure shall fall within the protection scope of the presentdisclosure.

What is claimed is:
 1. A method for forwarding a packet in a network,wherein the network comprises a first network device and a secondnetwork device, there are a plurality of forwarding paths between thefirst network device and the second network device, and the methodcomprises: receiving, by the first network device, a first packet,wherein the first packet comprises first indication information andpayload data, wherein the indication information is a Multi-ProtocolLabel Switching (MPLS) label or an Internet Protocol version 6 (IPv6)address; when the first network device determines that the first packetcomprises the first indication information, generating, by the firstnetwork device, a plurality of second packets based on the first packet,wherein each of the plurality of second packets comprises the payloaddata and second indication information; and separately forwarding, bythe first network device, the plurality of second packets to the secondnetwork device over different forwarding paths in the plurality offorwarding paths, wherein the second indication information is used toinstruct the second network device to discard a packet in the pluralityof second packets except a packet that first reaches the second networkdevice.
 2. The method according to claim 1, wherein the first packetfurther comprises a flow identifier of the data flow corresponding tothe first packet, and before the generating, by the first networkdevice, a plurality of second packets based on the first packet, themethod further comprises: searching, by the first network device, forpath information of each of the plurality of forwarding paths associatedwith the flow identifier, wherein one second packet corresponds to oneof the plurality of forwarding paths.
 3. The method according to claim1, wherein the first indication information comprises a first label, thesecond indication information comprises a second label, the first labelcorresponds to a first function, the second label corresponds to asecond function, the first function is used to instruct the firstnetwork device to generate the plurality of second packets, and thesecond function is used to instruct the second network device to discardthe packet in the plurality of second packets except the packet thatfirst reaches the second network device.
 4. The method according toclaim 1, wherein the first indication information comprises a thirdlabel, the second indication information comprises the third label, andthe third label is used to identify the data flow corresponding to thefirst packet; and before the generating, by the first network device, aplurality of second packets based on the first packet, the methodfurther comprises: searching, by the first network device, for anoperation type corresponding to the third label; and if the operationtype corresponding to the third label is a target operation type,generating, by the first network device, the plurality of second packetsbased on the first packet, wherein the target operation type is used toinstruct the first network device to generate the plurality of secondpackets.
 5. The method according to claim 1, wherein the firstindication information is comprised in a destination address field in anInternet Protocol version 6 (IPv6) header of the first packet.
 6. Themethod according to claim 1, wherein the second packet comprises asegment routing header (SRH), the SRH comprises the second indicationinformation.
 7. A method for forwarding a packet in a network, whereinthe network comprises a first network device and a second networkdevice, there are a plurality of forwarding paths between the firstnetwork device and the second network device, and the method comprises:receiving, by the second network device, a second packet, wherein thesecond packet is any one of a plurality of second packets that aregenerated by the first network device based on a first packet, thesecond packet comprises indication information, payload data carried inthe first packet, and a packet sequence number of the first packet in adata flow corresponding to the first packet; when the second networkdevice determines that the second packet comprises the indicationinformation, searching, by the second network device, a packet receivingtable to determine whether the packet sequence number is in the packetreceiving table, wherein the indication information is a Multi-ProtocolLabel Switching (MPLS) label or an Internet Protocol version 6 (IPv6)address; and if the packet sequence number is not in the packetreceiving table, storing, by the second network device, the secondpacket; or if the packet sequence number is in the packet receivingtable, discarding, by the second network device, the second packet. 8.The method according to claim 7, wherein the MPLS label corresponding toa target function, and the target function is used to instruct thesecond network device to discard a packet in the plurality of secondpackets except the packet that first reaches the second network device.9. The method according to claim 7, wherein the MPLS label is used toidentify the data flow corresponding to the first packet, and before thesearching, by the second network device, a packet receiving table todetermine whether there is the packet sequence number, the methodfurther comprises: searching, by the second network device, for anoperation type corresponding to the MPLS label; and if the operationtype corresponding to the label is a target operation type, searching,by the second network device, the packet receiving table to determinewhether there is the packet sequence number, and the target operationtype is used to instruct the second network device to discard the packetin the plurality of second packets except the packet that first reachesthe second network device.
 10. The method according to claim 7, whereinthe IPv6 address corresponds to a destination address in a destinationaddress field in an Internet Protocol version 6 (IPv6) header of thesecond packet.
 11. The method according to claim 7, wherein the networkfurther comprises a third network device, and after the storing, by thesecond network device, the second packet, the method further comprises:generating, by the second network device, a third packet based on thesecond packet, wherein the third packet comprises the payload data andthe packet sequence number; and forwarding, by the second networkdevice, the third packet to the third network device.
 12. A firstnetwork device in a network, wherein the network comprises the firstnetwork device and a second network device, there are a plurality offorwarding paths between the first network device and the second networkdevice, and the first network device comprises: a processor; and amemory coupled to the processor and storing instructions for executionby the processor, the instructions instruct the processor to cause thefirst network device to: receive a first packet, wherein the firstpacket comprises first indication information and payload data, whereinthe indication information is a Multi-Protocol Label Switching (MPLS)label or an Internet Protocol version 6 (IPv6) address; generate, whenthe first network device determines that the first packet comprises thefirst indication information, a plurality of second packets based on thefirst packet, wherein each of the plurality of second packets comprisesthe payload data and second indication information; and separatelyforward the plurality of second packets to the second network deviceover different forwarding paths in the plurality of forwarding paths,wherein the second indication information is used to instruct the secondnetwork device to discard a packet in the plurality of second packetsexcept a packet that first reaches the second network device.
 13. Thefirst network device according to claim 12, wherein the first packetfurther comprises a flow identifier of the data flow corresponding tothe first packet, and the instructions further instruct the processor tocause the first network device to: search for path information of eachof the plurality of forwarding paths associated with the flowidentifier, wherein one second packet corresponds to one of theplurality of forwarding paths.
 14. The first network device according toclaim 12, wherein the first indication information comprises a firstlabel, the second indication information comprises a second label, thefirst label corresponds to a first function, the second labelcorresponds to a second function, the first function is used to instructthe first network device to generate the plurality of second packets,and the second function is used to instruct the second network device todiscard the packet in the plurality of second packets except the packetthat first reaches the second network device.
 15. The first networkdevice according to claim 12, wherein the first indication informationcomprises a third label, the second indication information comprises thethird label, and the third label is used to identify the data flowcorresponding to the first packet; wherein the instructions instruct theprocessor to cause the first network device to: search for an operationtype corresponding to the third label; and if the operation typecorresponding to the third label is a target operation type, generatethe plurality of second packets based on the first packet, wherein thetarget operation type is used to instruct the first network device togenerate the plurality of second packets.
 16. The first network deviceaccording to claim 13, wherein the first indication information iscomprised in a destination address field in an Internet Protocol version6 (IPv6) header of the first packet.
 17. The first network deviceaccording to claim 13, wherein the second packet comprises a segmentrouting header (SRH), the SRH comprises the second indicationinformation.
 18. A second network device in a network, wherein thenetwork comprises a first network device and the second network device,there are a plurality of forwarding paths between the first networkdevice and the second network device, and the second network devicecomprises: a processor; and a memory coupled to the processor andstoring instructions for execution by the processor, the instructionsinstruct the processor to cause the second network device to: receive asecond packet, wherein the second packet is any one of a plurality ofsecond packets that are generated by the first network device based on afirst packet, the second packet comprises indication information,payload data carried in the first packet, and a packet sequence numberof the first packet in a data flow corresponding to the first packet;when the second network device determines that the second packetcomprises the indication information, search a packet receiving table todetermine whether the packet sequence number is in the packet receivingtable, wherein the indication information is a Multi-Protocol LabelSwitching (MPLS) label or an Internet Protocol version 6 (IPv6) address;if the packet sequence number is not in the packet receiving table,store the second packet; and if the packet sequence number is in thepacket receiving table, discard the second packet.
 19. The secondnetwork device according to claim 18, wherein the MPLS labelcorresponding to a target function, and the target function is used toinstruct the second network device to discard a packet in the pluralityof second packets except the packet that first reaches the secondnetwork device.
 20. The second network device according to claim 18,wherein the MPLS label is used to identify the data flow correspondingto the first packet; wherein the instructions instruct the processor tocause the first network device to: if an operation type corresponding tothe label is a target operation type, search the packet receiving tableto determine whether there is the packet sequence number, wherein thetarget operation type is used to instruct the second network device todiscard the packet in the plurality of second packets except the packetthat first reaches the second network device.